During this period, a total of 2,200 all-cause deaths occurred, of which 765 were cardiovascular deaths. The mean ± standard error follow-up duration was 6.86 ± 0.12 years. Results: This study included 6,076 elderly hypertensive patients.

Complex sampling-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly hypertensive patients with different caffeine intake (<10, 10 to <100, 100 to <200, 200 to <300, and ≥300 mg/day). Caffeine intake was calculated by two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Methods: This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018.

However, the long-term health effects of caffeine are still controversial, especially in people with high cardiovascular risk such as elderly patients with hypertension. 3College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Chinaīackground: Caffeine is widely consumed not only in coffee but also in soft drinks and tea.2Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, China.1Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.So, three cups of coffee in Italy might be the equivalent of one regular-sized Starbucks in the States,” says Anais Hausvater, MD, a cardiologist at NYU Langone Health in New York City.Shuaijie Chen 1,2,3† Jing Li 1,3† Menghan Gao 3† Duanbin Li 1,3 Ruming Shen 2,3 Lingchun Lyu 2 Jiayi Shen 2 Xiaohua Shen 1,3 Guosheng Fu 1,3* Tiemin Wei 2* Wenbin Zhang 1,3*

Importantly, this study was performed in Italy, where a single coffee is a fraction of the size of a standard American coffee. “While this study does make a compelling argument for the benefits of coffee, it is very important to understand its limitations before reaching for that third cup. Lifestyle habits that could impact upon blood pressure were also not recorded or addressed. Based on cultural norms among people in North Italy, the researchers assumed that caffeinated coffee was always the participants' brew of choice, rather than decaf, but this was not confirmed. Neither were brewing methods, or bean origins. For example, coffee cup size per drink was not accounted for. In addition to reporting these findings, study authors were quick to note the omissions in data that might color their results. Filtering removes substances and oils, such as cafestol and kahweol, that have been linked to high cholesterol and heart disease (sorry, filter-free French press lovers). Back in the day, old-school brewing was typically done with a percolator instead of a coffeemaker containing a filter. This may have as much to do with brewing methods, as it does with the beverage itself. Could lowering blood pressure be one of coffee’s benefits? Blood pressure, heart health, and coffee: What the research saysĭecades-old studies typically found that coffee wasn’t a healthy choice for cardiovascular health.

But a new study, published in Nutrients, found the opposite to be true. The conventional wisdom has been that it significantly raises blood pressure levels, at least temporarily. But if you’ve ever felt that second (or third, or fourth) cup give you a case of the jitters, you may have wondered what coffee’s effect is on blood pressure, as well as on overall heart health. At over 2 billion cups consumed daily, coffee just may be the world’s favorite beverage.

Caffeine and blood pressure